Explain how Charles Causley uses literary effects in his poem, The :: English Literature

Explain how Charles Causley uses literary opinions in his poem, TheCowboy Song. How do they add to the readers enjoyment?The poet, Charles Causley, and his poem, the Cowboy Song, is about alonely wraith cowboy. Gradually the poet is telling the reader throughthe stanzas that the cowboy is died, at 20. The cowboy led a sad lifewith events like his sister and father fleeing.Charles Causley does this effectively, and this demonstrate is going toexplain how the poet uses literary effects like onomatopoeia,alliteration and metaphors, and how these effects add to the readersenjoyment.To start with, I am going to tell you about the metre and rhyme ofthe poem. The rhythm and rhyme give the poem and sort of fell that poses it fell like a song. We can connect this with the title (CowboySong). There is a steady beat of 8,7,11,6 but this may vary slightlyin some stanzas. Like in the last stanza it is 7,6,8,6. The rhythm andrhyme actually assimilate the poem quite jolly, though it is a very sadpoem? It is a big contrast. There is a strong difference and it isthere to communicate us with a moral. Which infact is the whole poem, andthis is what the contrast does.The first stanza is set at nighttime. In this stanza we can see averity of effects like alliteration, metaphors, similes and the effectyou would find in any good poem, rhythm and rhyme.Setting the scene in Salem County, the poet is already hinting at thesupernatural. Salem is a place where we touch on with witchcraft,ghosts, and unnatural things. One way to back this theory up is asimile, sweet as an angels feet. Here he is describing the wheat andthe effect is that obviously no one can touch or taste an angelsfoot, so it makes it odd, and supernatural.The metaphors are blue-bone orchard and marmalade moon. I believethe blue-bone orchard is a graveyard. This is because he is awakeningfrom his grave and it would make sense for someone to get up at theintroduction of a poem, and not at the end for example. Also w e havemarmalade moon. This is possible when the moon is raise or setting.But it is not made of marmalade, however the use of this metaphorgives a jolly effect.Alliteration highlights the words the poet wants you to fell and takein, not adept read them. For example, zithering zephyrs. We take thisin and think about it better than a simple phrase like wind making

Tempting Fate: Essay on The Monkeys Paw -- essays research papers

-Ildar-Tempting FateThe Monkeys Paw reveals an intriguing story of requirement and death. The Theme challenges the classical ideas of destiny and fate. From the beginning of the story Mr. blanched denies the seriousness of the paw. When he says, Well, why dont you have three sir, he is in a way mocking Morris and the criticalness of the paw. The effects of disturbing fate do not even occur to him at this point and his intrigue and sympathetic greed override his judgment. If you dont want it, Morris, give it to me, Mr. White had said after Morris threw the paw in the fire. This is where Mr. White made his first mistake. Mrs. White on the other hand manages to keep a cool head in the beginning and is apprehensive of the paw. She originally senses the danger that the paw poses but doesnt make much of it and actually encourages Mr. White to use the paw. Mr. Whites first wish was a simple one as he thought. I wish for two hundred pounds, he had uttered so easily thinking that this was as straightforward of a wish as there could be. teensy-weensy did he know that tempting fate in such a way had serious consequences. At this point in the story the writer foreshadows the gamey events that follow when Herbert says, Well, I dont see the money, and I bet I never shall. Ironically Herbert is correct. The twist of the story revealed itself when Mrs. White opened the entrance to receive her money. The visitor from Maw and Meggins delivered the bad new of their sons untimely death, He was ca...

Codeswitching from English Essay example -- Language

The use of codeswitching between English and other languages is examined from a sociolinguistic perspective. It will be shown that codeswitching is automatic and achieves overarching objectives such as serving the prohibitedcome of speech, defining identity and indirectly delineating aspects of the relationship between the participants, it lubricates the conversation by making it more fluid, and when English is used, brings lucidness and precision, particularly to formal arrangements. Finally codeswitching from English as a component of metrolinguistics will be considered in relation to the data provided.The extracts are between G. D. Jayalakshmi, know as Jaya, who normally speaks English (but also Kannada, a south Indian language, Bengali, some Punjabi and Tamil), Nitin and Prathibha, who are work colleagues, and her brother Jagadish, known as Jaggu. The script of the conversations locoweed be found in the U214 Assignments document pages 3 and 4, and the line numbering reference s are as used there.In the first conversation between Jaya and Nitin, Jaya points out in her commentary, that in 1.1 Nitin begins in English because the conversation is about work, in 1.2 she replies in Kannada, to demonstrate her friendliness toward him whilst observing that Nitins use of English is due, not totally to the work context, but also his knowledge that she has lived in England for many years and he too, wishes to show her friendliness by using English. Jaya concludes that they have used both languages to get closer, but they finish the conversation, 1.6 to 1.11 in English, which, talking to Pratibha in dialogue 2 she describes as the language of definiteness, or again in 4, with Jaggu, of arrangements. The few speech communication at the start of this ... ...OM), Milton Keynes, The dissonant University.English in the World, (2012), (U214, Worlds of English, DVD ROM), Milton Keynes, The Open University.McCormick, K. (2012), English and Other Languages in Seargeant, P. and Swann, J. (ed.) History, Diversity, Change (U214, English in the World), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 245-290.Meyerhoff, M. and Strycharz, A. (2012), Variation and Change in English in Seargeant, P. and Swann, J. (ed.) History, Diversity, Change (U214, English in the World), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 291-329.North, S. (2012), English a Linguistic Toolkit (U214, Worlds of English), Milton Keynes, The Open University.Transcript, Clip 1.6.3 Codeswitching between English, Kannada and Hindi printed from English a Linguistic Tool Kit, (2012), (U214, Worlds of English, DVD ROM), Milton Keynes, The Open University.

Love in Relationships :: Love

Unknown source of career 1 and 2Love relationships are exchangeable to a seesaw, as the seesaw tips according to the persons sitting on the two lieus, a love relationship can also lean according to the humor of the rival in the said relationship. Passage 1 and Passage 2 both depict situations with love relationships that have varying passions, intensity, and dilemmas. Passage 1 and Passage 2 establish a controlling idea that love?s various obstacles and hindrances can occur by the individuals in the relationship or by outside forces affecting the relationships.Passage 1 introduces the idea that the crisis of death can occur during a relationship. Passage 1 describes the relationship between two lovers. When the cleaning lady in the relationship dies the man is left to mourn over the death of his lover. This death profoundly affects the man and his ability to live without his love. This is evident when the speaker, in stanza 5, states the hyperbole ?And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.? These thoughts and feelings of mourning due to the death of the charwoman thus create the obstruction that may transpire in a relationship. As to solving this dilemma the man in the relationship decides to lie side by side next to his deceased lover.Passage 2 incorporates the idea of an obstacle during a relationship, however not in the form of death. Passage 2 describes a situation where a woman asks a man, presumably her father, to tell her about times when she was a child. In the story a couple is set forth to be in love and wanting to be together. One obstacle the couple faces is, having to survive in the lower floor of a dentist?s office with a young child, who is the woman listening to this story. This is only a minor problem the couple has to face, and in addition, this problem is faced by the couple together not by one or the other. The major problem comes up when their baby seems to be sick and the husband decides to go hunting early on in the morning. The wife is upset at the husband and questions his role in the relationship. This shows the obstacle in this relationship.

Kurt Cobains Biography Essay -- Kurt Cobain Artist Nirvana Biographie

Kurt Cobains BiographyKurt Donald Cobain was born to Wendy and Donald Cobain on February 20,1967 in the scurvy logging community of Aberdeen Washington and his life stop onApril 5, 1994. Kurt fronted one of the greatest bands of our time called Nirvana.In this report I wish to inform you about the life and mysterious death of KurtCobain.Kurt had a substantially childhood, and a troubled adolescence. Partly because ofhis parents splitting up in 1975 when Kurt was eight years old. Kurt chose tolive with his contract. Kurts father remarried three years later.Kurt got his first guitar for his fourteenth birthday. He took one guitarlesson and never paid for it. Kurt says I went and learned the power chords andnever went back and never paid for the lesson I guess I noneffervescent owe that guy the$6 or whatever it was. I didnt go back because once you know the power chordsyou can start writing your receive songs. Kurts mother remarried in May of 1984 to puke OConnor and one year l ater in May of 1985 Kurt would drop out of high school at the days of 17. During this stage of his life Kurt got caught up with the drug community of Aberdeen and started heroin, an addiction he would never defeat. Many blame his death on this horrendous drug. Kurt often lived chthonian a bridge along the muddy banks of the Wishkah river during that period.Kurt had been just hanging out when he met Chad Channing and KristNovaselic and they would go on to find out that they each vie music. Chad compete the drums and Krist played the bass. The three started getting togetherand jamming. They wrote about of their own songs and sent out some demo tapes.They released a single in November of 1988. They got signed to a small companyand matured their first album titled Bleach. It featured Chad Channing on Drums,Kurt Cobain on guitar and vocals, and Krist Novaselic on bass. Bleach onlyending up costing $600 to produce and did not sell great. After recording Bleachthe band made a haples s west coast tour that started in February of 1989 inSeattle and move cut back the coast. However the band was just preparing for thetour for Bleach which started on June 22, 1989 in San Francisco and ended in NewCastle, England, the bands first European show.Nirvana started another(prenominal) short US tour in February of 1990 and one monthlater Chad left the band to be ... ...k the greenhouse.Dylan was Kurts best friend and helped Tom Grant face up for Kurt, This is wheremy accompany comes in out of 47 people surveyed including fans, students, andteachers 20 said they believed that Kurt was murdered and 27 said they believedthat Kurt committed suicide, almost an even split.Kurt left a big hole in the music industry and this was expressed bymany of his fellow musicians including Eddy Vedder of Pearl Jam and MichaelStipe of R.E.M. Eddy had to say I obtain bad that Kurts not still writing songsbecause he was brilliant and that guy could emotionally twang my heart-strings.Every song he wrote spoke to me.Dave Grohl and Pat Smear, who had been a late edition for In Utero anback-up guitar formed a band called the Foo Fighters with Dave on lead guitarand vocals, Pat on back-up guitar again, and two new people. Krist went on to meet a band called Sweet 75. Krist has also become a spokesperson for the bandbeing the only member that was with the band all the way until the end. I hope ihave shown you what Kurts life and death were like. There is much moreinformation about this subject out there this is just some of it. Kurt Cobains Biography Essay -- Kurt Cobain Artist Nirvana BiographieKurt Cobains BiographyKurt Donald Cobain was born to Wendy and Donald Cobain on February 20,1967 in the small logging community of Aberdeen Washington and his life ended onApril 5, 1994. Kurt fronted one of the greatest bands of our time called Nirvana.In this report I hope to inform you about the life and mysterious death of KurtCobain.Kurt had a good childhood, b ut a troubled adolescence. Partly because ofhis parents splitting up in 1975 when Kurt was eight years old. Kurt chose tolive with his mother. Kurts father remarried three years later.Kurt got his first guitar for his 14th birthday. He took one guitarlesson and never paid for it. Kurt says I went and learned the power chords andnever went back and never paid for the lesson I guess I still owe that guy the$6 or whatever it was. I didnt go back because once you know the power chordsyou can start writing your own songs. Kurts mother remarried in May of 1984 to Pat OConnor and one year later in May of 1985 Kurt would drop out of high school at the age of 17. During this period of his life Kurt got caught up with the drug community of Aberdeen and started heroin, an addiction he would never defeat. Many blame his death on this horrendous drug. Kurt often livedunder a bridge along the muddy banks of the Wishkah river during that period.Kurt had been just hanging out when he met Chad Chann ing and KristNovaselic and they would go on to find out that they each played music. Chadplayed the drums and Krist played the bass. The three started getting togetherand jamming. They wrote some of their own songs and sent out some demo tapes.They released a single in November of 1988. They got signed to a small companyand produced their first album titled Bleach. It featured Chad Channing on Drums,Kurt Cobain on guitar and vocals, and Krist Novaselic on bass. Bleach onlyending up costing $600 to produce and did not sell big. After recording Bleachthe band made a short west coast tour that started in February of 1989 inSeattle and moved down the coast. However the band was just preparing for thetour for Bleach which started on June 22, 1989 in San Francisco and ended in NewCastle, England, the bands first European show.Nirvana started another short US tour in February of 1990 and one monthlater Chad left the band to be ... ...k the greenhouse.Dylan was Kurts best friend and helped Tom Grant look for Kurt, This is wheremy survey comes in out of 47 people surveyed including fans, students, andteachers 20 said they believed that Kurt was murdered and 27 said they believedthat Kurt committed suicide, almost an even split.Kurt left a big hole in the music industry and this was expressed bymany of his fellow musicians including Eddy Vedder of Pearl Jam and MichaelStipe of R.E.M. Eddy had to say I feel bad that Kurts not still writing songsbecause he was brilliant and that guy could emotionally twang my heart-strings.Every song he wrote spoke to me.Dave Grohl and Pat Smear, who had been a late edition for In Utero anback-up guitar formed a band called the Foo Fighters with Dave on lead guitarand vocals, Pat on back-up guitar again, and two new people. Krist went on tojoin a band called Sweet 75. Krist has also become a spokesperson for the bandbeing the only member that was with the band all the way until the end. I hope ihave shown you what Kurts life and death we re like. There is much moreinformation about this subject out there this is just some of it.

Kurt Cobains Biography Essay -- Kurt Cobain Artist Nirvana Biographie

Kurt Cobains BiographyKurt Donald Cobain was born to Wendy and Donald Cobain on February 20,1967 in the sm only logging company of Aberdeen capital letter and his life ended onApril 5, 1994. Kurt fronted one of the greatest tidy sums of our time called Nirvana.In this report I hope to inform you ab break through the life and cryptical finish of KurtCobain.Kurt had a good childhood, but a troubled adolescence. Partly because ofhis parents splitting up in 1975 when Kurt was eight long time old. Kurt chose tolive with his mother. Kurts father remarried three years later.Kurt got his kickoff guitar for his 14th birthday. He took one guitarlesson and never paid for it. Kurt says I went and learned the power chords andnever went back and never paid for the lesson I make believe I still owe that guy the$6 or whatever it was. I didnt go back because once you know the power chordsyou tail assembly pass writing your own strains. Kurts mother remarried in May of 1984 to Pat OConnor a nd one year later in May of 1985 Kurt would drop come forth of tall school at the age of 17. During this period of his life Kurt got caught up with the drug community of Aberdeen and started heroin, an addiction he would never defeat. Many blame his death on this dreaded drug. Kurt often livedunder a bridge along the muddy banks of the Wishkah river during that period.Kurt had been just hanging out when he met Chad Channing and KristNovaselic and they would go on to find out that they for each one played music. Chadplayed the drums and Krist played the bass. The three started getting togetherand jamming. They wrote some of their own songs and sent out some demo tapes.They released a individual(a) in November of 1988. They got signed to a small companyand produced their first album titled Bleach. It featured Chad Channing on Drums,Kurt Cobain on guitar and vocals, and Krist Novaselic on bass. Bleach only endpoint up costing $600 to produce and did not sell big. After recording Bleachthe band made a short west coast while that started in February of 1989 inSeattle and moved down the coast. However the band was just preparing for thetour for Bleach which started on June 22, 1989 in San Francisco and ended in NewCastle, England, the bands first European show.Nirvana started another short US tour in February of 1990 and one monthlater Chad left the band to be ... ...k the greenhouse.Dylan was Kurts best conversance and helped tom turkey Grant look for Kurt, This is wheremy survey comes in out of 47 people surveyed including fans, students, andteachers 20 said they believed that Kurt was murdered and 27 said they believedthat Kurt committed suicide, to the highest degree an regular(a) split.Kurt left a big hole in the music industry and this was expressed bymany of his fellow musicians including construction Vedder of Pearl close and MichaelStipe of R.E.M. Eddy had to say I feel bad that Kurts not still writing songsbecause he was brilliant and that guy could emotionally twang my heart-strings.Every song he wrote spoke to me.Dave Grohl and Pat Smear, who had been a late edition for In Utero anback-up guitar formed a band called the Foo Fighters with Dave on lead guitarand vocals, Pat on back-up guitar again, and twain tender people. Krist went on tojoin a band called Sweet 75. Krist has also become a spokesperson for the bandbeing the only member that was with the band all the way until the end. I hope ihave shown you what Kurts life and death were like. There is much moreinformation about this subject out thither this is just some of it. Kurt Cobains Biography Essay -- Kurt Cobain Artist Nirvana BiographieKurt Cobains BiographyKurt Donald Cobain was born to Wendy and Donald Cobain on February 20,1967 in the small logging community of Aberdeen Washington and his life ended onApril 5, 1994. Kurt fronted one of the greatest bands of our time called Nirvana.In this report I hope to inform you about the life and mys terious death of KurtCobain.Kurt had a good childhood, but a troubled adolescence. Partly because ofhis parents splitting up in 1975 when Kurt was eight years old. Kurt chose tolive with his mother. Kurts father remarried three years later.Kurt got his first guitar for his 14th birthday. He took one guitarlesson and never paid for it. Kurt says I went and learned the power chords andnever went back and never paid for the lesson I guess I still owe that guy the$6 or whatever it was. I didnt go back because once you know the power chordsyou can start writing your own songs. Kurts mother remarried in May of 1984 to Pat OConnor and one year later in May of 1985 Kurt would drop out of high school at the age of 17. During this period of his life Kurt got caught up with the drug community of Aberdeen and started heroin, an addiction he would never defeat. Many blame his death on this horrendous drug. Kurt often livedunder a bridge along the muddy banks of the Wishkah river during that peri od.Kurt had been just hanging out when he met Chad Channing and KristNovaselic and they would go on to find out that they each played music. Chadplayed the drums and Krist played the bass. The three started getting togetherand jamming. They wrote some of their own songs and sent out some demo tapes.They released a single in November of 1988. They got signed to a small companyand produced their first album titled Bleach. It featured Chad Channing on Drums,Kurt Cobain on guitar and vocals, and Krist Novaselic on bass. Bleach onlyending up costing $600 to produce and did not sell big. After recording Bleachthe band made a short west coast tour that started in February of 1989 inSeattle and moved down the coast. However the band was just preparing for thetour for Bleach which started on June 22, 1989 in San Francisco and ended in NewCastle, England, the bands first European show.Nirvana started another short US tour in February of 1990 and one monthlater Chad left the band to be ... .. .k the greenhouse.Dylan was Kurts best friend and helped Tom Grant look for Kurt, This is wheremy survey comes in out of 47 people surveyed including fans, students, andteachers 20 said they believed that Kurt was murdered and 27 said they believedthat Kurt committed suicide, almost an even split.Kurt left a big hole in the music industry and this was expressed bymany of his fellow musicians including Eddy Vedder of Pearl Jam and MichaelStipe of R.E.M. Eddy had to say I feel bad that Kurts not still writing songsbecause he was brilliant and that guy could emotionally twang my heart-strings.Every song he wrote spoke to me.Dave Grohl and Pat Smear, who had been a late edition for In Utero anback-up guitar formed a band called the Foo Fighters with Dave on lead guitarand vocals, Pat on back-up guitar again, and two new people. Krist went on tojoin a band called Sweet 75. Krist has also become a spokesperson for the bandbeing the only member that was with the band all the way until the end. I hope ihave shown you what Kurts life and death were like. There is much moreinformation about this subject out there this is just some of it.

Edge of the Water

On The Edge Of The Water Teens growing up in modern America face challenges periodic that help them grow into a productive member of society. In the oblige, Edgewater Angels by Sandro Meallet, the twaddle is set in the projects of San Pedro, California, a heavily gang influenced town that is a part of Los Angeles. The book exposes the y come to the forehfulness of Sunny Toomer, a mischievous teen al personal manners faced with the decision between right and wrong in a neighborhood where you can lay jumped for walking on the wrong side of the street.Sunny is just trying to find a way out of this life-style he was born into. Not such an easy task when you grow up with a single mother who works hard to provide for her son, and a be maintain who has met his son only a few times. Sunny and his friends face a corporation of challenges throughout the novel and they always manage to find a way to weasel themselves out of it with the help of Sunnys cleverness and ability to think on his feet. Sunny Toomers goal that he wishes to achieve is to get out of San Pedro and live a good life.Edgewater Angels is both heartwarming and exciting because where the author set the story (San Pedro), the use of the character tom-Su, and Sunny Toomers subroutine library that he spends most of his free time. The story takes place in the projects of San Pedro, California. San Pedro is drive inn for gang violence and drug trafficking. The main character Sunny Toomer and his friends all live here. Having the story take place in such a low-income neighborhood in reality sets the tone for the whole book. It makes the reader really connect emotionally to Toomer because of his dream is to go after in school and eventually live a better life.I feel bad for him because its hard enough to have goals and aspirations as a kid. Its especially hard for Toomer because of where he lives. Basing the book in San Pedro also makes for a lot of entertainment for the reader. Toomer and his friends face problems and dilemmas throughout Edgewater Angels like when Beefy was about to counterbalance Monet and the Sunny came up with the idea to have a swim off. That showed how even rival gang members in a diverse community can get together for some friendly competition.The way Sunny matures throughout the book intrigued me as a reader because I know that even though this book is fiction, there are situations like this in L. A. Meallet At the very beginning of the book, a character was briefly introduced but was significant. His name is turkey cock Su. Tom Su was a little weird but liked to hangout with the boys. So the boys let him hang out with them as a nice gesture. One day, they boys saw Tom Su standing outside his apartment with his dad. They were yelling back and forth for a while and then the dad hit Tom Su.This shocked the boys and they didnt know what to do. They thought their parents were rough until they saw what Tom Su had to go through daily. Meallet included this ch aracter into the book because child abuse is a real problem in America but a lot of people either are not aware or do not do anything about it. Tom Su was a character but also a symbol because he represented all of the kids in America that are abused but do not speak up and get help. Sunny strives to be a good student and get good grades. So he spends a lot of time hearing and reading.However, those things arent so easy to accomplish when you live where Toomer lives, so he had to find an alternate place to go when he postulate to study. The library was that place for him because it was a place where workers got happy-faced at the site of a young guy like me (Toomer) walking through the door. (121) Toomer loved the library so much that he was in the library every chance he could get. The library was like the missing piece to his puzzle because he could get away from his moms boyfriend who he hated and get peace and quiet while he works on his studies.I have had carry almost my w hole life and it has really effected my studies and school work. I just couldnt focus at home and that would result in me not finishing homework and then reflect poorly on my grades. Like Toomer, I also needed to find somewhere I could go to study and do homework. My mom works as an elementary school teacher and she has a huge classroom with an enclosed office space in the back. My mom would let me go in there whenever I wanted because that was the only place I could ever get anything done.After about a month of multitudinous hours in the office space, I saw a huge improvement in my grades and I developed really good study habits. I really connected with this part of the book because I could relate to Toomer and his situation. Edgewater Angels painted a perfect picture of how it is to be a teenager and grow up invigoration in the projects of L. A. This story was important because a lot of people are not aware of living conditions of the families living in the projects. Its not lik e they chose the gangbanging life, many another(prenominal) teenagers were born into it and had family members in a gang.There are not a lot of options for them to get out and start a brand new life. So its noble-minded to find a kid like Toomer, that had all the tools to become a delinquent and a so called thug, who strives to become a better student and live a better life. That is the overall message that Meallet is trying to display, If you work hard enough at something your passionate about, you can achieve it. This book has in spades opened my eyes to the world and spreads awareness of the living conditions some Americans live.

Painting Analysis in Jane Eyre Essay

From the opening chapter of Charlotte Bronts Jane Eyre the reader becomes aware of the powerful role that art plays. there is something extraordinary about the pictures Jane admires from other artists, as well as the scat she creates herself. Her solitary pastime a great deal operates as an outlet of pain, either past or present, and stomachs her the opportunity to deal with unpleasant emotions and memories. Janes art transcends her isolation by bringing her into contact with others who see it it functions as a bridge among her hope to be alone and her need for companion get off. Despite her struggles with inner conflict and the people in her life, Janes art helps her find personal power, marking her true personal identity as her let woman. Whether it is her come of drawings or the creations of her feature, ardeucerk has provide Jane a means of agency to survive the harrowing conditions afforded to the orphan child, allowing her to emerge as a wealthy, independent social eq ual.The first glimpse of Janes resourcefulness and mental escape comes from one of the first activities in the novel. She escapes from her powerless beam in the dirty reed household temporarily through a book taking care that it should be one stored with pictures (2). She retreats to a solitary window-seat, having drawn the red moreen blanket nearly close shrined in double retirement, and buries herself in Berwicks A History of British Birds (2). The window offered protection, but non separation from the out spot At intervals, while turning over the leaves of my book, I studied the aspect of that winter afternoon (2). through and through the images and quotes contained therein, Jane manages to acquire the only kind of power to she access to- knowledge, for separately one picture told a story mysterious often to my undeveloped understanding and imperfect feelings, yet ever profoundly interesting (3). Her interpretation of the illustrations provides training for the modern you ng woman, who will later produce her own images. Her quest for identity and power has begun, and the unripened orphan begins to discover how she can begin her journey to find her place as a social equal.Interrupting her happy retreat, looking at the pictures, is her wretched cousin bum Reed. He claims that Jane, as a dependent in his household, has no right to look at books without his permission. As punishment for her transgression, he throws her favorite Berwicks Birds at her, physically knocking Jane down with its force (3-5). A make do ensues, with Jane comparing Reeds actions to those of murderers, slave drivers, and Roman emperors. Adults intervene Jane is blamed for the conflict and is confined to the red room where she experiences terrible suffering. In this incident, Janes opthalmic pleasure takes the form of looking at art objects in prints and illustrated books. Instead of being a h fortless leisure activity, this looking is regarded by the male timber as a provocati on, setting off various stratagems aimed to reconfirm rights of ownership by laying down restrictive or subordinating conditions of access (Kromm 374). Confrontations among Jane and male authority would follow her from her removal from the Reed home to her schooling at Lowood.Early on in her education at Lowood, Jane finds herself in a situation similar to that of the breakfast room incident at Gateshead. Trying to escape the notice of the headmaster Mr. Brocklehurst. With no massive curtain to shield her this time, she held her specify in such a manner as to conceal her face (62). The treacherous slate slipped from her grasp and crashed to the floor. As she rallied her forces for the worst. It came (62). In a humiliating leakage of indignation, Mr. Brocklehurst, placing Jane on a stool for all to see, publically admonishes her for dropping school property. He further attempts to ostracize her from the others by condemning her a liar (information he received from Mrs. Reed, Janes wretched benefactress). Jane serves the time, designated by her punisher, sobbing and full of shame.She realizes that this wrongdoing would eliminate Miss Temples promise to teach her drawing and to keep an eye on French. Jane descends from the stool in search of Miss Temple, her beloved superintendent, who often listens to Mr. Brocklehursts sermonizing in ladylike silence with her mouth closed as if it would have need a sculptors chisel to open it (Gilbert 784). Miss Temple kindly allows Jane to speak in her defense, such an unfamiliar concept coming from the Reed residence. Once Janes story is corroborated she is rewarded with beginning lessons in drawing and French.Her subsequent years at the Lowood Institution, although glossed over by Bront, are when Jane emerges as an artist. Her first outline is landscape with a crooked cottage whose graphic limitations bring about a daydream that evening in which she envisions a feast of more over(p) imagery(72).Each imaginary scene is one she anticipates producing with her own hands picturesque landscapes with ruins, lowing cattle that recall Dutch painters like Cuyp, butterflies hovering near roses, birds pecking at fruit. Through this elegiac, bucolic, wish-fulfilling dreamscape, she sees herself become adept at making freely-penciled, rather than minutely copied, renderings of the natural world intensively and expansively observed. (Kromm 377-378) Janes goal is clearly much higher(prenominal) than reproducing others works. She sees herself acquiring the skills of a professional artist. Jane learns at Lowood that she can create and lose herself in alternate worlds when she draws and paints. She shows the ability to envision a lightsome life different from her circumstances. However, following Miss Temples departure from Lowood, Jane returns to feelings of isolation. Once a pass water she finds solace gazing out a window, realizing the promise the other side has to offer.Her restless desire of life outside the classroom leads Jane to seek employment elsewhere. It is through her preparations to leave Lowood that the reader learns of Janes growth and achievement as an artist. Her natural facility is a landscape, a watercolor deed overn to the superintendent of Lowood, who had interceded on her behalf with Brocklehurst to obtain for Jane a reference and permission to leave the school (Kromm 379). The painting was framed, and position prominently over the chimney-piece, in the parlor at Lowood. Her painting is one of several accomplishments that impress Bessie, the Gateshead servant who visits upon learning of Janes departure for her next business enterprise at Thornfield.Bessie thinks the painting is beautiful It is as fine a picture as any Miss Reeds drawing-master could paint, let alone the young ladies themselves, who could not come near it (90). Jane now possesses the accomplishments of a lady, and to a degree which will ensure her economic emancipation as a teacher. The picture Be ssie sees is not described it has no significance for Jane other than as a social gestureit functions simply as a milestone on her advance to independence (Milligate 316). Janes artistic confidence and her newly acquired social status, follow her to her next adventure at Thornfield.During her time as a governess, Janes art continues to gain the attention of others. Shortly after Rochesters first appearance at Thornfield, he summons Jane and tries to get to know Janes qualifications as governess for Adle. Rochester asks to ken again some of her work the young girl had shown him, adding, I dont know whether they were entirely of your doing probably a master aided you? (124). Jane vehemently denies his accusation, yet Rochester remains skeptical. He orders Jane to fetch her portfolio, and investigates her work, promising her, I can recognize patchwork (124). Somewhat satisfied after his perusal, that the work is from one hand, a hand that she confirms is her own.Focusing his attention on three watercolors he asks Jane, Where did you get your copies? When Jane replies Out of my head, he continues to goad her, That head I see now on your shoulders? (124). Jane passes his critical judgment without becoming unsettled. She offers her own critique of her work that is occupying Rochesters attention her judgment upon them was nothing wonderful because her manual skill was not sort of able to capture the vivid subjects that she had imagined with her spiritual eye (Gates 36).The watercolor landscapes, although produced at Lowood, are far from the scene that been so admired A seascape, a landscape, and polarscape respectively, each fantastic natural setting has the disturbing feature of a dead, fragmented, or cropped physical body (Kromm 379). In the seascape, a wrecked ships mast rises above the water in composition dominated by rough seas and clouds. A lone cormorant sits on the mast with a sparkling bracelet in its mouth pecked from the arm of a womans corpse lying al most submerged in the foreground (Kromm 379). The second painting shows a leafy, grassy hill with a large stretch of dark blue twilight sky.Rising into the sky is a bust-length view of a woman She is an allegorical figure, her gauzy lineaments and crown justifying her interpretation as a vision of the Evening Star. The pleasant otherworldliness of this princess-like delineation is subverted by the greenback of her features, which include wild-looking eyes and hair streaming in weaken disarray (Kromm 379). The third watercolor is a polarscape whose winter sky is pierced by the peak of an iceberg against which a gigantic head rests, its forehead support by two hands. The focus is entirely placed on the singular head whose black, bejeweled turban registers a note of orientalist exoticism. The eyes of this giant are glazed, fixed, blank, communicating only a sense of despair (Kromm 379).Her descriptions of her work display the limitless depths of her visual sensation. They are, as R ochester observes, like something Jane must have seen in a dream (126). He asks whether she was happy when she painted them and remarks that she must surely have existed in a kind of artists dreamland while she blent and arranged these strange bear ons (126). here(predicate) Rochester catches the essence of surrealistic art, which tends toward the kind of involuntarism best known in dreams, aiming at automatism and toward the unconscious. Jane of course was not aiming anywhere (Gates 37). Jane says she was simply absorbed and her subjects has risen vividly on her question (126).Jane has the visions but lacks the skill to accurately portray them whereas the superintendents picture indicated accomplishments with social and economic value, these pictures reveal Janes emotional statusshe has do little progress (Millgate 316). Jane is still maturing. The paintings may evidence a halt in her artistic promise, however, the conversation with Rochester, about her artistic promise, ignite s a sense of par between the pair. Jane views Rochesters investigatory comments as a, breath of life he is the only qualified critic of her art and soul (Gilbert 352). Jane and Rochesters shared love of art plants the seeds of their mutual affection and appreciation of one another.Besides using her art as a means to access Janes thoughts, Rochester offers Janes work to the public. Rochester becomes, the link that enables Jane to expand her ability to share imagination (Cassell 112). She informs her reader, One day he had company to dinner, and had sent for my portfolio in order, doubtless, to exhibit its contents (129). Jane placidly accepts Rochesters display of her work, perhaps as an affirmation of the value of her talent, or perhaps as a means to communicate her imaginative self with a bigger audience (Cassell 112). Jane takes a risk and allows herself, through her work, to be vulnerable to societys scrutiny.Personal scrutiny, in addition to public, accompanies Janes work as it transitions from the familiar natural landscapes, to the unfamiliar world of portraiture. Here Jane uses her art as a sort of punishment for not seeing reality.The way Janes creative imagination goes to work on its materials is quite precisely revealed in the genesis of the pictures she actually completes while at Thornfield, those contrasting portraits of a Governess, disconnected, poor, and plain and of Blanche, an accomplished lady of station which she intends as medicine for a mind which love of Rochester has infected with wishful thinking. (Millgate 317) Janes ivory miniature of Blanche Ingram is executed before Jane has laid eyes on Blanche and is based upon Mrs. Fairfaxs flattering description of her. When Jane asks Mrs. Fairfax for her opinion of Rochester, she says of the womans response, There are people who seem to have no notion of sketching a character, or observing and describing salient points, either in persons or things the good lady evidently belonged to this cla ss (104).However, when describing Janes rival for Rochesters affection, Mrs. Fairfaxs term is bond. Studying her own face in the mirror, she civilizationes her a charcoal self-portrait in less than two hours, omitting none of what she calls her defects, the harsh lines and displeasing irregularities of her face, refusing to exercise the artists option to use the chalk to soften or blur the sharp planes of her features (Kromm 382). Jane paints Blanches portrait on smooth ivory, taking a fortnight to finish it, and the result is a Grecian beauty whose features are called smooth, soft, sweet, round, and delicate (Kromm 382).Looking at both portraits, she asks herself which woman Rochester would prefer The contrast was as great as self-control could desire (162). The painting exercise becomes a means of self-discipline, and a way of representing social hierarchical position through the creation of concrete images (Azim 192). Contemplating the two works, and their disparities, she puts herself firmly in her place. She scolds herself for her romantic fantasies about Rochester that could ruin herself and her career. The contrast between the real and the ideal is imagined and put forth, to keep in mind the distance between desire and reality(Azim 193). Here Jane paints out of her minds eye, not in order to indulge her imagination, but to control it.Jane returns to Gateshead to visit her dying aunt Reed. Bessie greats her kindly, but Jane otherwise receives a cold greeting from her aunt and cousins. Returning to such a disheartening place, coupled with missing Rochester, Jane uses her art as a means of comfort. She carries her art with her because art supplies her with occupation or amusement (250). Her first sketch there shows her thoughts in line with Rochesters as she sketches the characters that he often associated with her (Cassell 116). She drawsFancy vignettes, representing any scene that happened momentarily to shape itself in the ever-shifting kaleidoscope o f imagination a glimpse of sea between two rocks the rising moon, and a ship crossing its disk a group of reeds and water-flags, and a naiads head, crowned with lotus-flowers, rising out of them an elf sitting in a hedge-sparrows nest, under a wreath of hawthorn-bloom. (236-237) Her fantasies shift to real possibility, she sketches a face-Rochesters, all in heavy black pencil and complete with flashing eyes (237).Jane describing her own work and the qualities she seeks to emphasize in the portrait strength, determination, flexibility and spirit reinforce what Jane finds attractive in Rochester. The portrait of Rochester is involuntarily made and, in fact, helps to close the chap between the mind and the representational object spontaneity, imagination, sexuality, and sexual desire combine to produce a portrait that faithfully represents the painters state of mind (Azim 195). In a time of emotional need, she unconsciously conjures up a speaking likeness of the man she loves (237). After leaving Thornfield, following the interrupted spousal relationship ceremony, Janes art provides a temporary asylum, as she grieves for Rochester. During her stay at the Moor house, her artwork earns her the admiration of Diana and Mary Rivers. They are so impressed with her talents that they give her all of their drawing supplies (360). Once again Jane attributes her talents with social status when she remarks, My skill, greater in this one point than theirs, surprised and charmed them (360). Their appreciation of her artistic skills, and their almsgiving help strengthen Janes weakened disposition. As Jane struggles to cope with losing everything that mattered to her, her artwork enlivens those around her-especially Rosamond Oliver.Janes art excites admiration, impressing Rochester with its peculiar power and electrifying Rosamond with surprise and delight. Janes painting and sketching quietly satisfy an impulse toward a kind of display that is itself subordinated to pleasur e in looking, as when she happily agrees to sketch a portrait of Rosamond I felt a thrill of artist-delight at the idea of copying from so perfect and radiant a model ( reinvigoratedman 157). Janes first description of Rosamond presents a figure seen entirely from an artists angle eyes shaped and colored as we see them in lovely picturesthe penciled browthe livelier beauties of tint and ray (372).The ease with which this terminology is manipulated shows a new detachment in Jane, as well as suggesting a certain superficiality in the figure she exams (Millgate 319). Even though Jane can use her imaginative faculties to alleviate the pain of reality, she does not separate from reality (Cassell 116). She grieves constantly for the loss of Rochester and her identity. Her art does not offer the same gratifying rewards that it once did. Her work has continued to mature and is evident by Rosamonds portrait. Mr. Oliver and St. John Rivers authenticate the precision of the portrait. The paint ing also causes St John to admit to Jane what she already knows that he is in love with Rosamond and it is while he gazes at the picture that he allows himself to give way to his feelings for a set completion of time a little space for delirium and delusion, he calls it (Losano 256).The painting also serves another function. The portrait of Rosamond Oliver brings to fruition, Janes aspirations for independence. St. John recognizes her as the rightful(prenominal) heir of a fortune. His proof of her identity consists of a signature in the ravished margin of a portrait-cover, which Jane confronts as if it belonged to another He got up, held it close to my eyes and I read, traced in Indian ink, in my own handwriting, the words JANE EYRE (392). Jane construes her signature as the work doubtless of some moment of abstraction and thus disowns it as the product of her own volition, even as it fulfills the conditions of he uncles will and her own desires to be financially independent and to belong to a family (Marcus 217).Jane Eyres art is mode of self-expression, divine revelation in rare glimpses her depth of character and aspirations for independence. As Millgate suggests, her work is one means of charting her growth to maturity (315). Beginning in the window-seat at Gateshead, a ten-year-old girl escapes abuse and neglect by escaping through images in her beloved books, through twenty years of creating herself through her art, Jane ends her career as an artist when she becomes Mrs. Jane Rochester. In the account of her married life in the final chapter, all her imaginative activity and visionary skill are devoted to the task of embodying in words, for the benefit of her cheat husband. Her gift of words helps her to create a new artist identity-a storyteller.Works CitedAzim, Firdous. Rereading Feminisms Texts in Jane Eyre and Shirley. The Colonial Rise of the Novel From Aphra Behn to Charlotte Bront. London Routledge, 1993. Bront, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York Barnes and Noble, Inc, 2001. Cassell, Cara. The Infernal World Imagination in Charlotte Bronts Four Novels.Diss. Georgia State University, 2001.Gates, Barbara. Visionary Woe and Its Revision Another Look at Jane Eyres Pictures. ARIEL, Vol. 7 (1976) 36-49. Gilbert, Sandra. Plain Janes Progress. Signs, Vol.2 (1977) 779-804. Kromm, Jane. Visual Culture and Scopic Custom in Jane Eyre and Villette. Victorian Literature and Culture, Vol. 26 (1998) 369-394. Losano, Antonia. The Woman Painter in Victorian Literature. capital of Ohio Ohio State University Press, 2008. Marcus, Sharon. The Profession of the Author Abstraction, Advertising, and Jane Eyre.PMLA, Vol.110 (1995) 206-219Millgate, Jane. Narrative Distance in Jane Eyre The Relevance of the Pictures. The Modern Language Review, Vol.63 (1968) 315-319. Newman, Beth. Excepts from Subjects on Display. Charlotte Bronts Jane Eyre A Case Book. Ed. Elsie Browning Michie. NewYork Oxford University Press, 2006. Starzyk, Lawrence. The movement of Memory The Pictorial in Jane Eyre. Papers on Language and Literature, Vol.33 (1997) 288-307.

Chick Fil a

Ryan Simpson Marketing 476 Final Project Chick-Fil-A GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 1 In this paper I will be giving a thorough analysis of the Chick-Fil-A ships bon ton by discussing the history of the company as well as how the company was founded, the operations of the company, how the company gives rear end to the society, and how the company markets itself to the consumers. The reason I chose Chick-Fil-A to do my paper on is ever so since I was a little boy Chick-Fil-A has always been my favorite fast food. I can remember when I was little the closest Chick-Fil-A to our home was the one on Cox Creek Parkway in front of the m totally(prenominal) in Florence.Anytime we were in Florence I would beg my parents to take me thru the drive thru because I loved the Chick-Fil-A kids meal as well as the toy that came with it. Chick-Fil-A restaurants have been appealing to me ever since I was little so since then I have been a loyal guest of Chick-Fil-A. I have also always been interested in knowing how Chick-Fil-A always has had a huge customer base and e very(prenominal) time I went to feed at a Chick-Fil-A, it seemed to always be move so that tells me that their selling department is definitely doing something right because their restaurants are doing great business.In this paper I will be going over the history of the Chick- Fil-A company, how the company operates, how the company markets itself, and how close out the paper with a conclusion and summary. In the starting line part of my paper, I want to go over the history of the Chick-Fil-A company. The Chick-Fil-A company was first founded in 1946 by a man named Truett Cathy. Truett Cathy is considered to be one of the greatest entrepreneurs in the history of the United States. GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 2Truett Cathy who grew up in capital of Georgia opened his first restaurant in his home town called the Dwarf Grill. However over time the name changed to the Dwarf House (www. chick-fil-a. com). In the year of 1964, Truett Cathy created his version of a moaner sandwich that is today referred to as the original chicken sandwich. Truett Cathys invention of the chicken sandwich was the first trample to his vision of developing a successful restaurant filament. In 1967, Truett Cathy opened the first Chick-Fil-A restaurant in the Greenbrier Mall in capital of Georgia, Georgia.In 1973 years afterwards the first Chick-Fil-A opened, Truett Cathy wanted all his employees, regardless of age, to have an advanced education so he decided to develop a Team Scholarship plan which included $1,000 scholarships. Chick-Fil-A took a big step in the right direction when they first introduced freshly squeezed lemonade on their menu in 1977. In 1982, all Chick-Fil-A started interchange chicken nuggets in all their restaurants and because of this Chick-Fil-A became the first restaurant chain to offer chicken nuggets nationwide. 984 was a big year for the Chick-Fil-A Company because Truett Cathy establishe d the WinShape Foundation to assistant shape winners. The reason Truett Cathy founded this foundation was simply because young good deal receiving a proper education was very important to him (www. chick-fil-a. com). Some milestones of the Chick-Fil-A Franchise In 1985 all the Chick-Fil-A restaurants added their original waffle fries to their menus. In 1986 Chick-Fil-A expanded their operation by constructing the companys first free-standing restaurant building on North Druid Hills channel in Atlanta. 987 saw the franchises offer their first kids meal package. Also in 1987 Chick-Fil-A expanded their operation by opening their first restaurants on GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 3 college campuses with Clemson University and Georgia Tech being chosen as their pilot campuses. In my opinion these colleges were chosen due to their proximity to the area of Atlanta from which the Chick-Fil-A franchise was originated. 1993 was a huge milestone for the Chick-Fil-A franchise, this was the year the ir 500th restaurant was opened and their first drive through only restaurant was created.Also in this year their first hospital based restaurant was opened. Arguably one of the greatest marketing campaigns in the world was the oxen which began in 1995 introducing their first billboard which consisted of their cows attempting to paint their catch phrase eat mor chikin (www. chick-fil-a. com). With this campaign the Chick-Fil-A Franchise was catapulted into the category with McDonald and Burger King as one of the most frequent fast food chain restaurants in the United States. Also in 1995 the Chick-Fil-A Franchise hit the mark of one billion dollars in sales nationwide.In 2001, Chick-Fil-A continued to expand their operation by opening their 1,000 restaurant. In the same year Chick-Fil-A continued to progress their popularity by being voted the best drive thru in America by QSR Magazine (www. chick-fil-a. com). In my opinion, this solidified their superior position in the fast food r estaurant industry. Chick-Fil-A expanded their business in 2003 by opening their restaurants in Utah, Arizona and gray California. By introducing their operation to the west Chick-Fil-A expanded their target market by not only marketing to the eastern United States, nevertheless to the GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 4 estern United States as well. This move made the Chick-Fil-A Company more popular nationwide In 2004 Chick-Fil-A expanded their menu steady further by adding breakfast. By adding breakfast and opening earlier this also brought new business to Chick-Fil-A from business people on their way to work. In the same year Chick-Fil-A was voted Americas best drive thru for the third straight year (www. chick-fil-a. com). In my opinion Chick-Fil-A accomplished this prestigious honor by focusing on customer inspection and repair and marketing their product.Truett Cathy wanted to increase the Chick-Fil-A Foundations scholarship program so in 2005 the Chick-Fil-A bowl was developed to provide more money for scholarships (www. chick-fil-a. com). The Chick-Fil-A Bowl is played in Atlanta, Georgia in the Georgia Dome (www. chick-fil-abowl. com). In 2005, Chick-Fil-A awarded their 20,000th Leadership Scholarship. By doing so, this showed Truett Cathys dedication and commitment to encouraging young people to go to college and further their education. Chick-Fil-A expanded their menu again by adding hand-Spun milk shakes in 006. Also in the same year Chick-Fil-A surpassed two billion dollars in sales nationwide and as a coincidence it happened in the same year that the Cathy family celebrated 60 years in the restaurant business (www. chick-fil-a/com). This schooling shows me how great of an entrepreneur Truett Cathy was that he could start up a restaurant and in just 60 years it has become one of the most popular fast food chain restaurants in the United States as well as grossed over two billion dollars worth of sales. GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 5On December 1, 2010 I con ducted a phone interview with microphone Albretson who is the operations manager at the Chick-Fil-A drive thru in Florence, Alabama on Cox Creek Boulevard in front of Regency Square Mall. In the phone interview with Mike Albretson I learned many things that I didnt originally know about Chick-Fil-A. The first thing that I learned was according to Mr. Albretson the one major factor that plays a role in the Chick-Fil-A franchises success is their efforts to make emotional connections with all the customers that eat at their restaurants.The main question I asked Mike Albretson is what three ways to do feel the Chick-Fil-A franchise markets their products to their customers and how they make their franchise appealing to the general frequent? Mr. Albretsons response was the first way he believes they market their products to customers is by focusing on community and consumer relations. Mike Albretson also mentioned that one of the Chick-Fil-A franchises main goals is to do everything th ey can to provide a corking family aureole in all their restaurants.The second way Mike Albretson believes the Chick-Fil-A franchise markets their products to the general public is by convey the food to the people. I found this technique very interesting and what this means is Chick-Fil-A brings the foods to the people by simply taking sample treys with items from their menu or even foods that they havent put on their menu but are seriously considering it and taking them to public areas such as a park or anyw here(predicate) that is a general public area and letting the people that come by ry free samples of their food and tell them what they think about it (Mike Albretson, operations manager). GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 6 I personally thought this is a great idea because you are advertising the Chick-Fil-A name out to the public, you are showing the community that Chick-Fil-A values and cares about their image, and also they can find out valuable information such as what the majorit y of the people like or prefer.So in a way Chick-Fil-A is taking a survey on what the majority of the people like so that they can consider putting that item on their menu if it is not al ready on there. The third way Mike Albretson believes that the Chick-Fil-A franchise markets their products and advantage to the consumers is by the experience the customers receive when they come and eat in their restaurants. Mr.Albretson stated that the ways Chick-Fil-A attempts to make the customers experience as pleasant as possible are by assisting people to their tables, by going around and request if there is anything the customers need such as a refill on their drink or more ketchup. Mr. Albretson also stated that the Chick-Fil-A restaurants have employees help the customers clean their tables as well as throw their trash away (Mike Albretson, operations manager). In my opinion I believe these are excellent ways for Chick-Fil-A to roach their selves apart from their argument such as McDo nalds or Burger King.I understand that most fast food restaurants are pretty much the same when it comes to the service and atmosphere of the restaurant but if you have assistants help the customers clean up and throw away their garbage that definitely would give them the advantage over their competitors in the service aspect of their restaurants. GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 7 I found a very interesting oblige that came from www. fastcompany. com, the article discussed how the Chick-Fil-A franchise was based customer centered.An example the article shared that supported this statement was during the opening of the Chick-Fil-A restaurant that is located in Evansville, Indiana, Truett Cathy himself showed up at the opening to meet and recognise all the people who had been inhabit out the night before the opening to be new restaurants first customers (www. fastcompany. com). This tells me how down to earth Mr. Cathy is that he would take the time to go to Evansville, Indiana to greet the customers on the opening day of one of his thousands of restaurants.Another fascinating article I found about Truett Cathy came from www. michaelleestallard. com, in this article, Mr. Stallard talks about a speech that he heard Truett Cathy give at a conference and how much it moved him on how inspirational and selfless Mr. Cathy was. I thought it was very interesting that here is Truett Cathy a multi millionaire that could be anywhere in the world, but here he is spending over half his time traveling to different Chick-Fil-A restaurants and contact and talking with tons of his employees (www. michaelleestallard. com).This example tells me how much Truett Cathy cares about his employees and about the service the Chick-Fil-A franchise brings to all their customers. One major advantage Chick-Fil-A has over most of their competition is most of their chicken sandwiches have a lot less calories and fat then most chicken sandwiches at fast food restaurants do. GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 8 A ccording to www. livestrong. com, the original chicken sandwich at Chick-Fil-A only has 430 calories which is right about what McDonalds chicken sandwich is, but what sets Chick-Fil-A apart from its competition is the chargrilled chicken sandwich.The Chick-Fil-A chargrilled chicken sandwich only has 300 calories and also has 29 grams of protein in it which is a very nutritious meal for anybody. The McDonalds chicken sandwich has 420 calories in it so this tells me that Chick-Fil-A is the healthier choice (www. livestrong. com). While researching about Chick-Fil-A coupons, I found a hilarious story about Chick-Fil-A coming up with a very unusual, but effective marketing idea. It was called the cow promo. What this meant was during a certain time period nyone could dress up like a cow and go into any Chick-Fil-A and all they had to do was moo and stop their foot or hoof and get a free chicken sandwich and according to the article I read there were a few people who actually participate d in this event (http//fastfoodcoupon. com). In conclusion, I learned so much about how a very successful business operates as well as several very effective marketing schemes and ideas. I personally thought the story about how Chick-Fil-A was started and how rapidly it became so popular and successful.In researching this paper I also learned how great of a man Truett Cathy is and I read many examples that taught me how far good customer service can take you. Overall, I really enjoyed researching Chick-Fil-A and learning about the franchise. The summary of this paper was the history of Chick-Fil-A and how it was started by Truett Cathy. The second part of the paper was marketing strategies of the Chick-Fil-A GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 9 Franchise. The third was how Chick-Fil-A sets their selves apart from their competitors.The last part of my paper was the conclusion and summary. GarnerR MK-476 FP Page 10 References Page 1. www. chick-fil-a. com 2. http//www. chick-fil-abowl. com 3. In terview with Chick-Fil-A operations manager Mike Albretson 4. http//wwwmichaelleestallard. com/chick-fil/as-competitive-edge-of-relationships 5. http//www. fastcompany. com/magazine/87/customer-chickfila. html 6. www. livestrong. com/thedailyplate/search/chick-fil-a 7. http//fastfoodcoupon. com/chick-fil-a-coupons. html

Eggshell Membrane Reduces Joint Pain Essay

All rights reserved. no part of this book whitethorn be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo shaming, recording, or by an information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. in other words, dont copy any of our work, sell it for profit, or pass it off as your own. That would be wrong. But you already knew that. however, there is something we would like you to do Read this book and helping it.We want everyone to read and value from this book, which is why its free. if you like it and think your friends, family, colleagues, customers, subscribers, or neighbours would find value in it, spread the word. This book is free. Print it, fate it, link to it, quote itall we require is that you give us credit by letting people know were the authors when you do. a link pricker to the book or to precisionnutrition. com would be appreciated too. Design Carmelo Galati, SeeSaw Creative Communications, cgalatiseesawc reative. ca Published Precision nutrition inc. , precisionnutrition. com aBSTRaCTCan Eggshell tissue layer Reduce Joint Pain? BaCkGRound While many conventional treatments tolerate been holdd to remedy chronic stick upset, interest continues to grow in the ara of alternative, natural treatments. Eggshell membrane (EM) addendum is a novel treatment for word health, and has upstartly been shown to rapidly and continually improve stick torture in patients with osteoarthritis and stick and connective tissue disorders. The current study aimed to observe the effect of one particular eggshell membrane product (fast crossroads c atomic number 18+ FJC+) supplementation on chronic stick cark in physically proceedive adults.METhodS Sixty adults (40. 2 10. 2 y 78. 6 10. 2 kg) experiencing chronic joint distressful sensation supplemented daily with either 500mg FJC+ or placebo, over the course of 4 workweeks. Participants also achieved a weekly wreak protocol designed to challenge their irritated joint. Participants then rated their joint disquiet immediately, and one day subsequently, this coif challenge. RESulTS Participants in the FJC+ sort inform significantly less joint pain post-exercise undermentioned FJC+ supplementation (-16. 13 3. 60) when compared to those in the placebo group (4. 30 2. 84 p=0. 00171).In addition, during the 4 week study, twain groups experienced lowers in contiguous day joint pain (p=0. 0015), although there were no significant discordences among the 2 groups (p>0. 05). ConCluSionS In the current study, daily FJC+ supplementation appeared to decrease post-exercise joint pain vs. placebo, although this effect did not persist 24 hours post-exercise. Because eggshell membrane research is in its infancy, pull ahead research may be needed to polish off its utility in managing joint pain. 1 Precision Nutrition www. precisionnutrition. com BaCkGRound Why Study Eggshell Membrane? n the united States, over 20% of adults nonplus leveled doctor-diagnosed joint and connective tissue (JCT) disorders this number has been projected to increase by 40% over the next 25 years 1, 2. legion(predicate) forms of intervention have been utilise as treatments to improve joint pain. Conventionally, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (nSaids) and analgesics have been used to address joint pain associated with JCT disorders however, their long term use has been associated with diverse and severe side effects including cardiac and gastrointestinal complications 3, 4.Alternative therapies used to treat joint pain include dietary supplements the close touristed of these supplements being glucosamine, chondroitin and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). While many turn to these complementary treatments to avoid the side effects associated with NSAIDs and analgesics, there is little evidence to support their effectiveness, and the evidence that does exist is indeterminate 5.Several large-scale human clinical tr ials 6, including the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial, as well as a few additional meta-analyses and reviews 5, 7 have reported exceptional effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin supplementation in reducing joint pain. However, other groups have noted long-term improvements in joint pain from glucosamine supplementation alone 8, and further enhanced effectiveness of combined glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, rather than the separate use of either supplement 5, 9.The question of their effectiveness in JCT populations is subject to ongoing debate. thither has been growing interest in eggshell membrane (EM) supplementation as a treatment for joint pain, as it does not fork out the side effects of conventional treatments (NSAIDs). Eggshells and their membranes have been extensively analyzed 2 Eggshell Membrane Reduces Joint Pain for their components the separate layers of the eggshell have been analyzed and found to assure several figures of collagen (types X, I, V) 10-12.Additionally, EM has been found to have notably postgraduate concentrations of a number of amino acids 13, collagenlike proteins 14-16, enzymes 17-19 and glycosminoglycans (GAGs). Glycosaminoglycans are of high interest, as they play key places in connective tissue 20. Glucosamine, hyaluronic acid and chondritin sulfate are important GAGs in EM (21, 22). With the high protein and enzyme content, and naturally occurring GAGs in EM, scientists and nutritional supplement companies have speculated that it could present a viable alternative to traditional joint disorder and osteoarthritis treatments.Additionally, while the aforementioned elements of EM have been detected, it should be noted that membrane components have not withal been wholly characterized there are likely a number of compounds that have yet to be identified in the membrane. Some of these yet undetected elements may contribute to benefits or improvemen ts seen in joint health. To date, very few studies have investigated the effects of EM supplementation on joint pain and range of motion. In rats, 4 weeks of EM treatment led to significant reductions in many proinflammatory cytokines (measured in plasma), notably including TNF-? nd IL-1 23. Two recent clinical reports 24, 25 investigated the timing and effectiveness of EM supplementation in JCT and osteoarthritis patients experiencing severe pain and limited range of motion. These patients received daily 500mg doses of oral EM for quartet to eight weeks. Rapid (seven to ten days) and continuous effects were seen in terms of reduced pain and stiffness, as well as improved flexibility. In both investigations, there were no reports of adverse effects with supplementation.In the present study, we set out to observe the effects of EM (fast joint care+ FJC+) supplementation on joint pain within a physically active adult population experiencing chronic joint pain in one of quaternary j oints (ankle, knee, shoulder or elbow). As many adults use exercise to manage joint and connective tissue disorders, this population would likely see great benefit from adjunct therapies designed to reduce pain and increase range of motion. 3 Precision Nutrition www. precisionnutrition. com METhodS What We Did. And How We Did It. Prior to commencing the study, all participants gave their informed consent.A total of 60 adults between the ages of 18 and 70 (45 men and 15 women 40. 2 10. 2 y 78. 6 10. 2 kg see Table 1) agreed to participate. to distributively one reported chronic pain in one of the following joints elbow, shoulder, ankle or knee. Participants were recruited online through a popular health and fitness community and info were collected through self reports in a distance-based capacity. Participants were also prescreened to exclude those who had used any additional medications (methotrexate or immunosuppressants), NSAIDs, analgesics, or joint supplements (MSM, gluc osamine or chondroitin) two weeks prior to the start of the study.Those with egg allergies, or who were pregnant or breastfeeding, were also excluded. Participants were asked to refrain from use of pain medications throughout the study period. TaBlE 1. dEMoGRaPhiCS of BoTh accessory and PlaCEBo GRouPS GRouP MalES fEMalES aGE (yRS) WEiGhT (kG) knEE loCaTion of Join Pain ShouldER ElBoW anklE Supplement Placebo 23 22 7 8 41. 0 +/- 10. 0 39. 4 +/- 10. 5 78. 6 +/- 10. 4 78. 6 +/- 10. 1 12 13 10 10 6 5 2 2 Sex, age, weight, and reported joint pain area are shown for each group.In order to participate, individuals had to be exercising regularly, at least three times per week. They were screened for their regular physical activity (reported 4. 8 1. 1 exercise sessions/wk), and asked to ensure that both their exercise and nutritional regimens remained unchanged over the course of the study. After unified for age, sex, and affected joint, participants (n=60) were randomly assigned to rece ive either the EM supplement (fast joint care+ FJC+), or a placebo supplement for 4 weeks.These groups did not differ significantly in terms of age or weight, contained similar numbers of men and women, and contained similar numbers of individuals with shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle pain (see Table 1). All supplements were provided to subjects in identically marked containers, and all capsules (placebo and FJC+) were identical in appearance (color, olfactory sensation, size). All participants were instructed to take their supplement once per day, at the same time of day (i. e. rootage thing in the morning, with breakfast). 4 Eggshell Membrane Reduces Joint PainEach capsule of the FJC+ supplement contained 500mg of Gallus gallus (chicken) eggshell membrane buy food (a commercial preparation sold as fast joint care+ by Genuine Health, Toronto, Ontario) additional non-medical ingredients included rice flour, magnesium stearate, gelatin, and water. The color and flavor matched plac ebo capsules contained only rice flour, magnesium stearate, gelatin, and water. The individual components of FJC+ were not quantified in the supplement as the product is intended to be used as a complete eggshell membrane extract, without additional ingredients (ie. additional glucosamine, chondroitin, etc. . In addition to their normal exercise program, participants were asked to complete an additional exercise challenge once per week. This exercise challenge was to be completed on the same day of each week (Monday) and at the same time of day (in the morning, after supplementation and breakfast). The exercise challenge for those with chronic shoulder or elbow pain consisted of pushups. For those with chronic knee or ankle pain, the exercise challenge consisted of jump squats. Each of these sessions gnarly performing 10 sets of 5 repetitions of the given movement, with 2 minutes of rest between sets.Immediately after each exercise challenge session, participants rated their specif ic joint pain on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at two time points within 10 minutes of completing the challenge and 24 hours following the challenge. Compliance to the exercise programming and supplementation schedule was self-reported and logged by participants those logs were provided to researchers weekly via email. Subjects were also asked to report any side effects during the trial. Joint pain was assessed using a cmm visual analog scale (VAS), and participants submitted this information via electronic form.A self-assessment was performed at the two time points (post-exercise, and next day after exercise) for each of the 4 weeks. Each subject was asked to click on the line below to indicate how severe the pain is on the affected joint with 0 being no pain and 100 being pain as bad as it can be. Responses were submitted electronically on a weekly basis, after each pair of assessments. VAS scores were then measured in millimeters from the left hand end of the scale to the point ma rked by the subject. entropy were collected across the 4 weeks of supplementation, and analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (i. . MANOVA). In cases of significant interactions (p? 0. 05) post-hoc analysis was performed using Students t-test for comparison between groups, and paired t-test for comparison within groups (JMP, SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC). The VAS ratings were reported on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 indicating no pain, and 100 representing greatest pain. Where appropriate, change scores were examined after adjusting absolute scores and then comparing between groups with a one-way analysis. All values are reported as mean SEM, and statistical significance was set at p? 0. 5. To summarize the protocol in brief During week 1 of the investigation, subjects took their first 500mg dose of FJC+ with breakfast on Monday. After breakfast they immediately performed their first exercise challenge and then rated their joint pain using the VAS described above. I n addition, they rated their joint pain on Tuesday, 24h later. During each subsequent week, subjects repeated the same protocol, providing 4 weeks worth of joint pain data, with week 1 serving as a baseline. 5 Precision Nutrition www. precisionnutrition. com RESulTS So What Happened?Following 4 weeks of supplementation, participants in the FJC+ group had a significantly greater decrease in post-exercise joint pain compared to participants in the placebo group (-16. 13 3. 60 in the FJC+ group and 4. 30 2. 84 in the placebo group p=0. 0171 see embark 1). Figure 2 illustrates changes in joint pain between groups across the 4 weeks of supplementation main effects were found for both time (p=0. 0003) and the interaction between group and time (p=0. 0354). 0 Change in Joint Pain tycoon (VAS) -5 Placebo FJC+ -10 -15 -20 * -25 Figure 1. Mean change in joint pain (measured with VAS) following 4 weeks of supplementation.Participants in the FJC+ group experienced significantly larger decr eases in post-exercise joint pain compared to participants in placebo group (p=0. 0171). Note absolute scores were set into change scores, which were then compared between groups using a one-way analysis. 6 Eggshell Membrane Reduces Joint Pain 50 Joint Pain Index (VAS) 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 Weeks 3 4 FJC+ Placebo * Figure 2. Post-exercise joint pain (measured with VAS) across 4 weeks of supplementation. in that location was a main effect for time (p=0. 0003), and an interaction between time and group (p=0. 354), indicating greater joint pain decreases in the FJC+ group (-43. 4%) than the placebo group (-30. 6%). Post-hoc analysis showed between group differences from week 1 to week 4 (p=0. 0171).Note higher VAS values indicate more pain. In accordance with Figure 1, post-exercise joint pain in the FJC+ group decreased by 43. 4% while the placebo group experienced a 30. 6% decrease in pain over the 4 week period. Post-hoc analysis shows a mean difference between groups when comparing o verall change in pain from week 1 to week 4 (p=0. 0171). Next day reports of joint pain also decreased over time (p=0. 015 see Figure 3) with next day joint pain decreasing by 46. 7% in the FJC+ group (from 35. 34 4. 33 during week 1 to 18. 82 4. 38 during week 4) and by 40. 9% in the placebo group (from 26. 38 4. 58 during week 1 to 15. 59 4. 01 during week 4). There were no significant differences between the groups joint pain scores across the 4 weeks of supplementation (p=0. 1971 for group and time interaction). 7 Precision Nutrition www. precisionnutrition. com 50 Joint Pain Index (VAS) 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 Weeks 3 4 FJC+ Placebo Figure 3. Next day joint pain (measured with VAS) across 4 weeks of supplementation.A main effect was seen for time (p=0. 0015). However, there were no significant differences between groups across the 4 weeks (p>0. 05), indicating similar joint pain decreases in both the FJC+ group (-46. 7%) and the placebo group (-40. 9%). Note higher VAS values indicate more pain. Participants in both placebo and FJC+ supplementation groups did not report any side effects during the study. 8 Eggshell Membrane Reduces Joint Pain diSCuSSion Some Clarifications About Our Work The results of this investigation suggest that four weeks of supplementation with 500mg fJC+ daily improves post-exercise joint pain vs. upplementation with placebo, specifically in physically active adults experiencing pain in the ankles, knees, shoulders, and elbows. Other investigations using EM supplementation have observed similar reductions in joint pain, specifically in populations with osteoarthritis and JCT disorders. In one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, daily oral administration of either 500mg placebo or 500mg EM was given to patients with knee osteoarthritis 24. After 10 days, rapid improvements in both joint pain and stiffness were seen in the EM group.Improvements in pain and stiffness were sustained (and enhanced) following 60 days of administration. A similar study with JCT patients 25 also observed both rapid (7 days) and sustained (30 days) improvements in pain and flexibility following daily administration of 500mg EM. There were no adverse events reported in either study, and the treatments appeared to be well tolerated by the patients. These statistically and clinically significant outcomes suggest that EM supplementation may be a natural and effective alternative therapy for both clinical populations with limited activity levels as well as physically active populations.Many of the various components present in EM have been thoroughly analyzed. Eggshells consist of a number of layers an inward and outer membrane, a mammillary layer (connecting the eggshell and outer membrane), an outer palisade layer, and an outer cuticle covering the eggshell 10. The inner and outer shell membranes are the first layers of extracellular matrix covering the egg itself 11 the outer membrane is predominantly made of type I c ollagen, whereas the inner membrane consists mainly of type V collagen 12. In addition, type X collagen has been reported to occur in both of these membrane structures 10.EM amino acid profiles have also shown high concentrations of arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, cystine and proline 13. Additionally, a number of collagen-like proteins (including hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, desmosine, and isodesmosine) are primary structural components of the membranes. 9 Precision Nutrition www. precisionnutrition. com Other components have been quantified in EM including lysyl oxidase (reported to play a role in the development and repair of connective tissue), ovotransferrin, and lysozyme 17-19.However, the presence of glycosaminoglycans in EM is of particular interest. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as glucosamine, are composed of repeating hexosamine disasccharides and act as major components of connective tissue 20. Clearly, there are a number of individual components present in the E M that have known physiological roles in joint and connective tissue however, EM is novel in that it is a natural extract that provides a combined source of these compounds.The absolute measuring stick of each component in the EM is not known, and those quantities may likely vary with each extraction in the supplement production process. Additionally, it is plausible that a number of yet unisolated elements, proteins, and enzymes exist in EM, which may also contribute to improved joint and connective tissue health. Therefore, the observed benefits associated with EM supplementation may not be directly attributable to any one specific component of the supplement (ie. lucosamine, chondroitin, etc. ) it may be more appropriate to accept that the combined effects of the knownand unknowncomponents of EM contribute to the observed improvements in joint health. A number of individual components in EM are known to have important roles in maintaining connective tissue in vivo, though the physiological mechanisms by which those components improve overall joint health through supplementation (flexibility, connective tissue repair and maintenance) have not been measured in humans.One experiment, however, investigated the effects of EM supplementation on systemic pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in rats 23. In this study, rats were given oral doses of EM for 7 days. Significant decreases were observed in plasma levels of numerous inflammatory antigens following supplementation thus, it is executable that the anti-inflammatory effects of oral EM supplements may contribute to the improvements in joint pain ratings seen in human trials.More research is warranted to investigate these effects. Interestingly, the most pronounced effects of FJC+ supplementation in this study were present in post-exercise ratings of joint pain. This may be due to the proposed anti-inflammatory benefits associated with EM. If the exercise challenge used in this investigation led to acute joi nt inflammation, it stands to reason that the most pronounced impact of EM would be to reduce the pain associated with this postexercise increase in inflammation.

7 Eleven or also known as 7-1 Essay

1.0 Introduction7 eleven or also known as 7-11, is part of an world-wide chain of convenience stores. 7 eleven is the worlds largest operator, franchisor, and licensor of convenience stores with to a greater extent(prenominal) than 50,000 outlets.1.1 Objective and ScopeThe purpose of this report is to analyze and evaluate 7 footb whole teams merchandiseplaceing strategies and practices to demonstrate that 7 football team is tradeing-oriented. The scope of the report includes PESTEL synopsis and Porters 5 Forces analysis to confirm its threats and chances to mitigate it. This report also include SWOT analysis and the 7 Ps and marketing strategies that argon applied for 7 cardinal.1.2 Background of 7 football teamThe 7-Eleven stores in Malaysia first opened in 9 October 1984 and achieved a milestone with its 1000th store opening in 2008. The store origin all(prenominal)y opens from 7 am to 11 pm and operates 7 days a weeks. The stores hold around 1,800 of products, includin g its own propriety defacements such as Big Gulp and Slurpee. 7 Eleven introduced new complimentary products and operate, differentiating the brand by allowing bill payment service, change frozen food, ready-to-eat food and sassy food. Other services that atomic number 18 available in 7-Eleven include Touch N Go reload, soft pins, ink cartridge, refill and photocopying, fax, ATM and internet games starter packs.2.0 Environmental AnalysisEnvironmental analysis is a basic marketing function employ to help marketers identify trends or outside forces that may impact upon the success or failure of a contingent product. 7 Eleven has analyzed the environment which is its macro environment out front starting out the launching of the products by making sure that the products have meets all of its expectations and respects the specifications that atomic number 18 needed to abide by the law. 7 Eleven does its research by observing and getting feedback forms their customers. The market ing intelligence that 7 Eleven applied atomic number 18 internal database by getting information of their customers average age, in come along, education and what they typically spend per visit. This allows 7 Eleven to acquire profiles of typical customers, characteristics they use to target other noncustomerconsumers.2.1 Macro EnvironmentPESTEL argon used on human resource and introductory marketing courses in about studies. PESTEL are also known as Politic, Economy, Social, Technology, Environment and Legal. It has been used for quite a long time and the history is so far still unknown. PESTEL analysis is applied because it helps a comp all to exculpate decisions for future which enables them to understand wider about the environment in which they operate. PESTEL analysis is also applied to take advantages to maximize the opportunities and pick at the threats to an organization by conducting strategic analysis.As potbelly be seen on table 2.1-2, 7 Eleven have a huge touchst one of threats and this are and will be affecting 7 Elevens sales. Firstly, 7 Eleven have a large number of threats in the current position unlike last time. The threats are high non only in new entrants but also on the substitutes that are currently existed around the world. 7 Eleven may be a booming store last time but not anymore due to a massive amount of new entre that are almost similar to 7 Eleven from products to services. In order to compete with these competitors, 7 Eleven have formulate secure strategies and marketing mix strategies.2.3 SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is used for identifying and determining the internal and external factors that can have an impact on the efficacy of a project. SWOT analysis are applied in this project is to make sure that the project or goal is worth conducting and what is the requirement to make it profitable. SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats.As can be seen in Table 2.3-1, 7 Eleven has been using its strength by offering a phase of goods in a low price and operates 24 hours in 7 days. So far, 7 Eleven is the only store that supply a coolness drink known as Slurpee which makes a number of difference than other stores. 7 Elevens weakness is that not every store can provide what other stores can because some stores are smaller which makes it hard to supply. 7 Eleven are salutary known because of their strategic locations and these attract customers, this makes the store a higher chance of being franchise due to its popularity. However, there are a large number of competitors that provide almost the same blank out that 7 Eleven provide. This makes the products and services sold to have a wide variety of substitutes.3.0 marketing StrategiesMarketing strategy is the base of marketing layout like market segmentation, market positioning and market targeting. Marketing segmentation is used to categorize the marketplace into divisions on which are accessible and have marketing potential, while market positioning is used to change the consumers perception of a brand or product connected to the idea of other competing products. Last but not least, market targeting is function to sell its products and services to, and to whom it directs its marketing efforts.3.1 Market Segmentation7-Eleven applied an effective market segmentation strategy by dividing its segments into four categories for typeface geographic and demographic strategy. These two strategies can be seen in the diagram below.3.2 Market TargetingMarket targeting strategy are applied by 7 Eleven after performing a market research like collecting information on the frequency of target customers that may come to purchase the products. In this scenario, 7-Eleven is mostly likely to target the customers from age of 30 and above as imparting adults and certain adults that have families will most probably come to profane convenient products for the needs of their families. In addition, women and mens needs are fulfille d as items for both genders are available at 7-Eleven stores. Besides, 7-Eleven stores are fit(p) near residential and commercial areas, thus attracting the selected target customers to come and buy products in a quick manner.3.3 Market Positioning7 Eleven applies demographic- tie in positioning to position their products by using various demographics such as age and gender.Brands of products available 10 7-Eleven 1Product wide range 0 10-10 found on the diagram above, the brands and wide range of products available are at a high level indicating that ages and genders differences of customers are being covered as in their needs and wants. Product positioning objectives must be supported by the overall marketing mix. Although positioning shows the target market perception of the product, it cannot be end with the promotional materialal mix only. All marketing mix particles, especially the product mix, required to be continually stressed at the final positioning mission.4.0 Market ing Mix StrategiesMarketing mix strategies is a framework applied in marketing by marketers. It is an important during releasing a product or brands offer, and is often related with the four Ps which are price, place, promotion, and product. While in service marketing, the four Ps are further added into heptad Ps which are process, physical evidence people and are used to describe the characteristics of services.4.1 Product7 Elevens product includes fresh food with hot drinks, treats, refreshments, convenient items and personal care products.7 Eleven are a recognized brand due to its ability of creating effective changes that determines the local market needs which makes it famous. 7 Eleven is able to meet a high demand in convenience retail through its facilities, everyday fresh products and good quality customer service. 7 Eleven guarantees that the products and services are in good quality. As an example, 7 Eleven provides recharge cards, chargers, batteries and handsets to help their customers to stay connected.4.2 impairmentPricing strategy is used in business to sell a certain product or services. It can be used to protect an alert market from new competitors, expand market share in a market or to penetrate to bigger market. The type of pricing strategy used by 7 Eleven is the competition pricing which defines setting a price in comparison with competitors. 7 Eleven has three main options which are to lower the price, exact price or price higher than the competitors products. The benefit of applying this strategy is that it will offer a price twin(a) service which set a price limit for items available at 7 Eleven stores to maintain the price like other stores, which prevents regular customers of 7 Eleven to purchase at other stores.4.3 PlaceDistribution strategy is a way to grab the product or service in any distribution mediums to the end-user in other words, how and where the consumer purchases the product or service. Strategy applied by 7 Eleven i s its multi-channel distribution strategy where it covers purchases from astore, website, telephone ordering, compile ordering and comparison shopping sites. For example, 7 Eleven does not only provides purchasing of items in their stores but also deliver the products to homes such as confectionary items, snacks, beverages, putrescible items, tobacco and mobile phone top-up . The location of 7 Eleven is commonly situated at high-traffic and easily accessible areas such as along flowering roads, highway rest stops, petrol stations that are operates 24-7. This makes it simple and convenient for customers to shop.4.4 PromotionPromotional tools are applied to differentiate the delivery of both compensable and unpaid promotional methods. Each tool contributes in a unique way to connect customers and achieve communication goals. Example of tools is sales promotion, advertisement, personal selling and public relation. Promotional tools are used effectively by 7 Eleven stores as it prov ides good coverage of advertisement and sales promotion on their products. Under advertisement section, 7 Eleven gives clear advertisement message about their products by stating out their selected products to offer, discounted price of the item, ways to reach them and dates before the promotion ends.Message is advertised through short video playbacks on internet and online advertisement on accessible network as these channels and medium are the latest and effective method for advertising media today. Besides that, 7 Eleven also uses sales promotion method as their strongest platform to find customers as it can gradually increase sales. Examples of sales promotion used are promoting their products through online websites, lucky draw competitions, contests and gift cards.4.5 PeopleEmployees in 7 Eleven stores are efficient and effective as it recruits creative and qualified salespersons that are capable in overseeing day to day operations and are willing to work diligently while fos tering a good shopping environment for their customers. The employees are trained by attending four to eight weeks of training before begin to work. Interactive classroom tuition is provided to train employees and computer-based training modules to teach staffs about customer service standards. In addition, employees at 7 Eleven are taught and trained to have good communicationskills with customers to keep their good impression on 7 Eleven reputation. Apart from that, they monitor their customers contentment by requesting feedbacks and comments from their customers through social network or questionnaires given to them.4.6 ProcessProcess is effective as customers are retained as other services and products are expanded and indicated to them. It is used to meet the needs of different individuals by experiencing a similar service at the same time as well as balancing the demands of customers with the supply provided. The balance of demand and supply can be explained using two situati ons. Firstly, if the demand is high, 7 Eleven will hires more staffs and part time employees to serve the customers and to monitor the stores. Secondly, if the demand is low, the price of the products is lower than normal to keep their customers from buying from other retailers.4.7 Physical evidence7 Eleven is excellent as the signage around the building is strategic and is clear to grab the attention of customers. The logo design of the building is attractive and catchy enough for customers to come and shop at the stores. 7 Elevens website is well maintained and is updated regularly to inform their customers about 7 Elevens latest offers of the products. Uniforms of the employees are neatly worn to show good image of their brand, 7 Eleven. The interior designs of the stores are in good condition and the air-conditioning is working perfectly at all time. The facilities provided such as vending machines are in good state.5.0 Conclusion7 Eleven has applied appropriate marketing strate gies and marketing mix strategies by utilizing its opportunities and strengths such as operating 24 hours a day, 7 times a week to serve their customers and promote products and services through various social media. In addition, multi-channel distribution strategy is strongly applied to support their product sales in various kinds of mediums. Threat and weaknesses are reduced as worthy marketing strategies and mix strategies are used to counter it. Besides that, online ordering is available in 7-Eleven stores to help customers to purchase products in an easier manner.5.1 Recommendations for improvementof marketing strategies and marketing mix strategies 7 Eleven can be improved by upgrading their stores as 7 Eleven in Malaysia are usually small and doesnt have most of products and services that are available in other country like Japan and Singapore. They should also advertise their Slurpee more often as most kids nowadays do not realize that such product existed, this means that by increasing their advertising method, they are able to attract more customers.

Apush Notes: Great Depression

A. The Great Depression was caused by an economic system out of balance. on that point was too much supply with little demand. This situation was created by monopoly pricing, unsound banking practices, overproduction, high tariffs, and tightening of money supply by Federal Reserve Board. B. A slump in economic activity with over speculation in stock and buying stocks on margin caused the stock market to crash in October 1929. The stock market crash marked the beginning of Great Depression. C.The Depression was characterized by high unemployment, foreclosures on homes, farms and businesses, closing of banks, and the drying up of credit, low purchasing power, and hunger. umpteen people grew concern that capitalism had failed and democracy couldnt provide solutions to problems. D. President Hoover, a strong advocate of rugged individualism believed in minimal administration interference to deal with Depression. He based his policy upon supplying optimism, expanding works, and loaning money and struggling banks.E. In 1932 summer, 20000 impoverished veterans from the First World War marched on Washington demanding early payment of a financial bonus that was due in 1945. After the bonus failed in Congress, President Hoover ordered the US army to evacuate the marching veterans from DC. The army, led by Douglas MacArthur, drove the veterans out. The armies handling the Bonus March ended Hoovers chance for reelection and fostered a maturation fear of revolution in America. F.President Hoover and his Republicans were blamed for Depression in election of 1932. Franklin Roosevelt was elected president, promising to save capitalism, help common man, and to provide work. Roosevelt was light on his plans, except he would try anything. G. FDRs plan to get nation out of Depression was called the New Deal. New Deal had policies of relief for the poor, retrieval from Depression, and reform of the economic system. The first New Deal as passed during the first 100 days of his presidency.The left wing of politics liked the imagination and passed the idea through Congress. Economy fell back into recession. Black Tuesday The day the stock market crashed. No buyers. Rugged individualism Social outlook promoting ones goals and desires of independence. Hooverville This name was based on Hoovers blame for depression. Families lost their homes because they couldnt pay mortgages. Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 1930 Tax increase by Republican congress.Purpose was to satisfy US business leaders who a higher tariff would protect their markets from foreign competition. In retaliation, European countries made higher tariffs against US goods which reduced trade. Reconstruction finance Corporation To prop up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions. Emergency loans would stabilize these businesses. The benefits would go down to smaller businesses and bring recovery. Democrats scoffed at this measure, saying it would only help the ric h.